Fabric dyes are special pigments consisting of organic and inorganic components. They can be bonded with fabric at high temperature and pressure. Bonding of fabric dyes and fabric does not affect the softness and hydrophilicity of fabric. In the dyeing process, fabric pigment particles are attached to the fabric surface. They are also bonded with each other to form a nanoscale structure, so that fabric has a lasting color.
Mica Powder
Thermochromic Pigment
Photochromic Pigments
Pearl Powder
Glow in the dark powder
Chameleon Powder
Reflective Pigment
Titanium dioxide Pigment
While choosing fabric dyes, consider the color, price, environmental protection, etc.
1. Color.
First of all, choose a color based on the purpose, environment and atmosphere. Different colors have different meanings. For example, white represents purity, while red represents enthusiasm.
2. Price.
Prices of fabric dyes are closely related to color, quality, etc. Choose fabric dyes based on the budget, quality requirements, etc.
3. Environmental protection.
With an increasing focus on environmental protection, environmentally friendly fabric dyes have received widespread attention. Environmentally friendly fabric pigments are conducive to environmental protection and pollution reduction. They are indispensable to improve the living standards of people.
Conclusion: Fabric dyes are special pigments, which are customizable and environmentally friendly, with full and lasting colors. Choose fabric pigments based on the color, price, environmental protection and other factors in order to better meet your needs.
1. Pretreatment
Conduct pretreatment before using fabric pigments. First, clean fabric with detergent to remove oil stains and impurities from the surface. Then, carry out soaking and bleaching with acidic or alkaline solution, to remove colored substances and impurities from fabric.
2. Dyeing
Fully mix fabric pigments and additives into paste. Then, soak fabric and stir the solution, until fabric is colored evenly. The soaking time is usually 30 minutes to 1 hour.
3. Color fixing
Conduct color fixing to dyed fabric, to ensure the color fastness. Generally, there are two methods: drying by heating, and fixing with high-temperature steam. In the process of drying by heating, keep fabric at about 150°C in an oven, so that pigments are fixed on the fabric surface. In the process of fixing with high-temperature steam, heat fabric to about 180℃ in a heat press, to fix the color in the presence of high-pressure steam.
These are basic methods for the use of fabric pigments. They should be adjusted and improved based on the material, color, shape, purpose and other factors of fabric.
I. Characteristics of fabric pigments
Fabric pigments are special pigments for fabric coloring. Different from fabric dyes, fabric pigments are evenly adhered onto the fabric surface, instead of chemical reaction to fabric.
Fabric pigments are characterized by bright color, high color fastness, environmental friendliness, and convenient use. They are suitable for dyeing in small batches. They are widely applied in clothing, shoes and hats, bags, ornaments, etc.
II. Advantages of fabric pigments
1. Full and lasting color. Fabric pigments are securely bonded with fabric at high temperature and pressure, with lasting coloring effects. The color of fabric will not fade or become lighter after cleaning, friction, exposure to sunlight, etc.
2. Customizable. Fabric pigments can be customized as needed. Customers can choose suitable products based on the color, gloss, softness and other parameters.
3. Environmental protection. Fabric pigments are composed of chemical substances, which are compliance with environmental protection standards. Due to no hazardous substances, fabric pigments are not harmful to the human body and environment.
There are two main methods for fabric coloring. In the widely applied method (conventional dyeing), fabric is mainly treated in chemical dye solution. In the other method, paint is treated into tiny insoluble colored particles, which are adhered to fabric (except for dyeing of raw materials of fabric).
Dyes are complex organic substances. They are divided into various types.
1. Acid fabric dyes. They are mostly suitable for protein fibers, nylon fibers and silk. They feature bright color, excellent fastness in dry cleaning, but poor washing fastness. They are widely applied in nature yarn dyeing.
2. Cationic fabric dyes (alkaline dyes). They are suitable for acrylic, polyester, nylon, cellulose and protein fabrics. They are characterized by bright color. They are suitable for artificial fibers. But they have poor washing fastness and light fastness for natural cellulose and protein fabrics.
3. Direct fabric dyes. They are suitable for cellulose fabrics. They have poor washing fastness and light fastness. However, modified direct dyes have better washing fastness.
4. Disperse fabric dyes. They are suitable for viscose, acrylic, nylon and polyester fabrics. Their washing fastness vary from each other. Disperse dyes have high washing fastness for polyester but low washing fastness for viscose.
5. Azo fabric dyes (naphthol dyes). They are suitable for cellulose fabrics. Due to bright colors, they are more suitable for gorgeous fabrics.
6. Reactive fabric dyes. They are applied mostly in cellulose fabrics and little in protein fabrics. They are characterized by bright color and high light fastness, washing fastness and friction resistance.
7. Sulfur fabric dyes. They are suitable for cellulose fabrics. They are characterized by dark color (mainly dark blue, black and brown), high light fastness, high washing fastness, and poor chlorine bleaching fastness. Fabrics made with sulfur dyes are prone to damage in long-term storage.
8. VAT fabric dyes. They are suitable for cellulose fabrics. They have high light fastness, washing fastness and also resistance to chlorine bleaching and oxidation bleaching.
9. Pigments. They are suitable for all fabrics. Instead of dyeing, resin pigments are adhered to fabrics, so dark fabrics are hard. However, accurate topping can be achieved. Most of pigments have high light fastness and washing fastness, especially those in medium and light colors.
I. Characteristics of fabrics suitable for dyeing with pigments
Pigment dyeing is a kind of direct dyeing. That is, pigment particles and fabric fibers are physically bonded instead of molecular reaction. Therefore, fabrics suitable for pigment dyeing have certain characteristics, such as high fiber fineness, high surface roughness, high moisture absorption capacity, etc. Common fabrics suitable for pigment dyeing are as follows.
II. Cotton and linen fabrics
1. Pure cotton fabrics: cotton and linen fabrics are one type of fabrics suitable for pigment dyeing. Pure cotton fabrics have high water and moisture absorption capacity, so they can be dyed evenly with pigments. In addition, they can be easily colored according to personal needs.
2. Cotton and linen fabrics. They are produced with relatively simple processes and low costs. As rough surfaces of linen fibers are conducive to pigment adsorption, cotton and linen fabrics can be well dyed for better texture.
1. Use of personal protective equipment
Before fabric dyeing, workers must wear personal protective equipment, including protective goggles, masks, gloves and overalls. Protective goggles can effectively prevent dye splashing onto eyes and masks, thereby reducing the inhalation of hazardous gases. Gloves and overalls can protect the skin from exposure to hazardous chemicals.
2. Safety precautions for dye properties
Workers engaged in dyeing must be aware of the properties of pigments, including the color, pH and toxicity. Toxic and hazardous dyes must be treated in strict accordance with the prescribed operating steps, so that hazards caused by exposure to these dyes are avoided.
3. Control of temperature and pressure during dyeing
The dyeing temperature and pressure are usually controlled to ensure dyeing effects. Workers must be aware of the use of equipment and set the correct temperature and pressure, thus preventing accidents arising from operational errors.
4. No mixing of different dyes
Different dyes must not be mixed in the dyeing process, so that there are no hazardous gases produced in chemical reactions. In case of dye change, thorough cleaning and ventilation are required for no residual substances in equipment.
5. Regular safety training
In order to improve the safety awareness and operation skills of employees, enterprises must conduct regular safety training. In this way, employees will be aware of risks and hidden dangers as well as correct and safe operation in dyeing.
Modern fabric dyes are made with chemical reagents, so they are toxic to some extent. However, fabrics are not toxic due to a serious of cleaning processes. Fabric powder dyes are for fabric dyeing. They are mostly extracts from fruit, sap and plants, or extracts from natural chemicals such as coal tar. They are divided into natural pigments and synthetic pigments. Most fabric dyes in the market are synthetic pigments. They have good fabric coloring effects and washing fastness, so their colors are not prone to fading. Fabrics change little after coloring. They are free of hardening, etc. Compared with propylene, however, fabric dyes have poor brightness and saturation.
Unlike fabric dyes, fabric pigments are insoluble in media. For coloring of non-woven fabrics, fabric pigments are mainly dependent on film forming substances, such as resin or binder. They are bonded with fabrics to be colored. Fabric dyes and pigments are also different in their own colors and final colors of fabrics. There may be differences between the colors of fabrics and dyes, as fabric dyes are dissolved in the medium in the dyeing process. That is, fabric dyes change from a solid to liquid status. Therefore, the colors of fabric dyes in the solid status are different from the final colors of fabrics.
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